The conflict between the Indian government and various Naga insurgent groups has persisted for decades, shaping the political, social, and security landscape of Nagaland. The roots of this insurgency lie in a complex history of ethnic identity, territorial autonomy, and political aspirations. Despite multiple peace talks and ceasefire agreements over the years, the situation remains volatile, with frequent clashes between insurgents and security forces, leading to widespread disruptions in law and order in the state.
Historical Background of the Naga Insurgency
The Naga people, an ethnic group living in the northeastern part of India, have a long history of resistance to external control, particularly after India’s independence in 1947. The desire for a separate Naga homeland, driven by a sense of distinct identity and culture, led to the rise of insurgent movements in the late 1940s. The Naga National Council (NNC) was the first major political group advocating for Naga sovereignty, and its declaration of independence in 1951 was a key turning point in the region’s history.
In response to this movement, the Indian government enacted the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) in 1958, empowering the military to combat insurgents and maintain order. Over the years, multiple insurgent groups have emerged, each with differing political goals, but united in their demand for Naga autonomy, self-determination, or independence. Despite peace talks and ceasefire agreements in the past, the conflict remains unresolved, continuing to strain relations between the Indian state and the Naga people.
